Lunenburg, Nova Scotia, 1936

In 1928, journalist Jean Chauvin met Pilot during a studio visit upon the artist’s return from a trip to the Maritimes, the day before a special exhibition. “We had the privilege to be some of the first to see all seventy paintings and sketches that the young painter made during his seven-week stay on the Atlantic coast,” recalled Chauvin. The artist visited the Maritime provinces several times, which makes it difficult to accurately date the paintings from these trips.

Pilot became interested in fishing boats when travelling to Brittany, and Concarneau in particular, in 1921 and 1922, painting several coastal locations in the Atlantic provinces when he returned. Starting with his hometown of St. John’s, but also Yarmouth, Peggy’s Cove and Lunenburg in Nova Scotia, as well as St. Andrews and Grand Manan in New Brunswick, to name a few. [1] As depicted in his work exhibited in the 1920s or sold since, Pilot toured fishing towns at a time that was seeing the end of cod drying and, consequently, the decline of traditional schooners. This was another world on the verge of extinction, similarly to his scenes and views of Quebec City.

Pilot used these scenes of Atlantic ports and fishing towns to create beautiful studies of light and atmosphere, especially of the contrasting rocky landscapes and the white sails of the boats. The Impressionist painter relished the coastal weather, with its sudden fogs, shimmering reflections on the sea, and ever-changing, sometimes menacing, skies This is well illustrated in the two seascapes—poetic, in the case of St. John’s, and romantic, for Lunenburg’s [the present work].

In St. John’s, Pilot puts schooners at the centre of his compositions, all sails out and anchored or gliding through the harbour, using diagonal lines. In the first painting, the fishing boats move toward the ships, energizing and enlivening the scene with their splashes of colour. In the second, the white sail stands out from the harbour and the turquoise masses of Signal Hill, crowned by the Cabot Tower—now a National Historic Site—as well as the nearby hill. 

In the 1920s, Pilot painted many views of Lunenburg, including three that were exhibited at the AAM and the RCA in 1928.[2]  In Lunenburg, Nova Scotia [the present work], dated 1936, Pilot portrays, in a harmony of muted tones, a nuanced winter view of the town and harbour. The artist had already painted another view from nearly that same location in 1927, but in the summer. Here, we can see the outline of the city’s hillside albeit somewhat exaggerated, in a contre-jour; it is dominated by the bell towers of the Zion Evangelical Lutheran Church and St. Andrew’s Presbyterian Church. Below, smoke billowing out of warehouses and partially snow-covered docks are pictured in the foreground. Three schooners can be seen sailing into the harbour.[3]

In Unloading the Schooner, the artist focuses on maritime activity on a wharf in an unidentified harbour—a place swarming with figures, busy unloading the vessel.

Mario Béland

Mario Béland holds a Ph.D. in art history from Université Laval and was curator of Art Ancien du Québec at the Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec from 1985 to 2014. He has curated, coordinated and collaborated on over 40 permanent or temporary exhibitions, some of which were accompanied by important catalogues and won prestigious excellence awards. His curatorial work includes monographs on sculptors Louis Jobin (1986) and Jean-Baptiste Côté (1996) and painters Antoine Plamondon (2005) and Napoléon Bourassa (2011). His thematic exhibitions include Painting in Quebec, 1820-1850 (1991–1992), Restauration en sculpture ancienne (1994), Les Génies de la mer (2001), and Québec et ses photographes, 1850-1908 (2008). Author of Marius Barbeau et l'art au Québec (1985) and a book on painter Eugène Hamel (2007), Béland has also published hundreds of articles, essays and notes in magazines, collective works and exhibition catalogues. A fellow of the Royal Society of Canada since 2009, Béland was the recipient of the Prix Carrière from the Société des musées du Québec in 2014, the Award of Distinguished Service from the Canadian Museums Association in 2016, and the Award of Excellence in the Professional category from the Conseil du patrimoine religieux du Québec in 2021.

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Footnotes: 

[1] Various views of Grand Manan Island in the Bay of Fundy were exhibited at the AAM and the RCA between 1926 and 1932, two of which, dated 1926, can be found at the Beaverbrook Art Gallery in Fredericton and the Art Gallery of Ontario in Toronto.

[2] One of these likely refers to a painting now kept at the National Gallery of Canada (Belle journée, séchage des voiles, Lunenberg, N.-E., 1927).

[3] Lunenburg was designated a National Historic Site in 1992 and a UNESCO World Heritage site three years later. With its rich architectural heritage, the old city stands on several eastern hills, the main ones being Gallows and Blockhouse. The warehouses now house the Fisheries Museum of the Atlantic. A former shipbuilding hub, Lunenburg is the birthplace of the renowned Bluenose schooner, which first set sail in 1921.